RRhetoric
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Syntax & Word Order

Cleft Sentence

Splitting a simple sentence in two to spotlight one part: 'It was Ishmael who survived' instead of 'Ishmael survived.' Grammar's way of stressing a word without italics.

"It was the best butter." → "It was a bright cold day in April…" — Orwell's it-frame

Don't confuse it with. A pseudo-cleft uses 'what' ('What he wanted was peace'); both are focus machines, differing in which slot gets the spotlight.

Drill this device — 5 excerpts

In the Reader — 5 excerpts

It is a truth universally acknowledged, that a single man in possession of a good
— Jane Austen, Pride and Prejudice · open the passage →
It was on a dreary night of November that I beheld the accomplishment of my toils. With
— Mary Shelley, Frankenstein; or, The Modern Prometheus · open the passage →
It was on a dreary night of November that I beheld the accomplishment of my toils. With
— Mary Shelley, Frankenstein; or, The Modern Prometheus · open the passage →
It is the Devil who holds the strings that move us!
— Charles Baudelaire, Les Fleurs du mal · open the passage →
One is not born, but rather becomes, a woman. No biological, psychological, or economic fate determines the figure that the human female presents in society; it is civilization as a whole that produces this creature, intermediate between male and eunuch, which is described as feminine.
— Simone de Beauvoir, The Second Sex · open the passage →

Travels with

Devices that share a passage with cleft sentence most often — company reveals character.

Passive Voice 3

The rest of the family

Hyperbaton Anastrophe Periodic Sentence Cumulative (Loose) Sentence Parataxis Parenthesis Apposition / Appositive Zeugma Hendiadys Pleonasm Enumeration / Accumulatio Passive Voice