RRhetoric
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Metaphor & Figuration

Metaphor

MET-uh-for / ˈmɛtəfɔːr

Saying one thing is another, without announcing the comparison. Because nothing flags the figure, the reader makes the connection themselves — which is why metaphor persuades where argument can't.

"Juliet is the sun." — Romeo and Juliet

Don't confuse it with Simile, Catachresis. Simile flags the comparison with like/as, keeping the two things separate. A metaphor sustained across a passage becomes extended metaphor or allegory; a strained, category-breaking one is catachresis.

Drill this device — 57 excerpts

In the Reader — 57 excerpts

"Hope" is the thing with feathers -
— Emily Dickinson, Poem · open the passage →
alone in a dark wood.
— Dante Alighieri, Inferno (translated by John Ciardi) · open the passage →
from the straight road and woke to find myself
— Dante Alighieri, Inferno (translated by John Ciardi) · open the passage →
Whan that Aprill with his shoures soote
— Geoffrey Chaucer, The Canterbury Tales · open the passage →
The slings and arrows of outrageous fortune, Or to take arms against a sea of troubles,
— William Shakespeare, Hamlet · open the passage →
The slings and arrows of outrageous fortune,
— William Shakespeare, Hamlet · open the passage →
Or to take arms against a sea of troubles
— William Shakespeare, Hamlet · open the passage →
To the last syllable of recorded time;
— William Shakespeare, Macbeth · open the passage →
that I might infuse a spark of being into the lifeless thing that lay before me.
— Mary Shelley, Frankenstein; or, The Modern Prometheus · open the passage →
It was on a dreary night of November that I beheld the accomplishment of my toils. With
— Mary Shelley, Frankenstein; or, The Modern Prometheus · open the passage →
My love for Linton is like the foliage in the woods: time will change it, I'm well aware, as winter changes the trees. My love for Heathcliff resembles the eternal rocks beneath: a source of …
— Emily Brontë, Wuthering Heights · open the passage →
I love thee to the depth and breadth and height
— Elizabeth Barrett Browning, Sonnets from the Portuguese · open the passage →
I sing the body electric,
— Walt Whitman, Leaves of Grass · open the passage →
So long as there shall exist, by reason of law and custom, a social condemnation, which, in the face of civilization, artificially creates hells on earth, and complicates a destiny that is divine with human fatality; so long as the three problems of the age—the degradation of man by poverty, …
— Victor Hugo, Les Misérables · open the passage →
Four score and seven years ago our fathers brought forth on this continent, a new nation, conceived in Liberty, and dedicated to the proposition that all men are created equal.
— Abraham Lincoln, The Gettysburg Address · open the passage →
It must be added that she had a very slender repertoire of smiles, and that these were all produced upon the recommendation of her father.
— Henry James, Washington Square · open the passage →
I learned to recognize the thorough and primitive duality of man; I saw that, of the two natures that contended in the field of my consciousness, even if I could rightly be said to be either, it was only because I was radically both.
— Robert Louis Stevenson, Strange Case of Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde · open the passage →
Out of the night that covers me, Black as the pit from pole to pole,
— William Ernest Henley, Book of Verses · open the passage →
To Sherlock Holmes she is always the woman. I have seldom heard him mention her under any other name. In his eyes she eclipses and predominates the whole of her sex.
— Arthur Conan Doyle, A Scandal in Bohemia · open the passage →
The cold passed reluctantly from the earth, and the retiring fogs revealed an army stretched out on the hills, resting. As the landscape changed from brown to green, the army …
— Stephen Crane, The Red Badge of Courage · open the passage →
I remember the whole beginning as a succession of flights and drops, a little seesaw of the right throbs and the wrong. After rising, in town, to meet his appeal, I had at all events a couple of very bad …
— Henry James, The Turn of the Screw · open the passage →
I remember the whole beginning as a succession of flights and drops, a little seesaw of the right throbs and the wrong. After rising, in town, to meet his appeal, I had at all events a couple of very bad days—found myself …
— Henry James, The Turn of the Screw · open the passage →
The voice of the sea is seductive; never ceasing, whispering, clamoring, murmuring, inviting the soul to wander for a spell in abysses of solitude; to lose itself in mazes of inward contemplation.
— Kate Chopin, The Awakening · open the passage →
He was sounding the deeps of his nature, and of the parts of his nature that were deeper than he, going back into the womb of Time.
— Jack London, The Call of the Wild · open the passage →

…and 33 more. Meet the rest in the quiz →

Travels with

Devices that share a passage with metaphor most often — company reveals character.

Anaphora 27 Personification 22 Passive Voice 14 Parallelism 13 Asyndeton 12 Hyperbole 12 Parataxis 11 Antithesis 10

The rest of the family

Simile Catachresis Metonymy Synecdoche Personification Prosopopoeia Pathetic Fallacy Transferred Epithet / Hypallage Metalepsis Symbol Allusion Mythopoesis