RRhetoric
← The Field GuideThe Rhetoric Field Guide

Irony & Understatement

Euphemism

YOO-fuh-miz-um / ˈjuːfəmɪzəm

A mild or indirect phrase in place of a harsh or taboo one — passed away, let go, collateral damage. Every euphemism is a small argument about what should not be looked at directly.

"He is helping the police with their inquiries."

Don't confuse it with Periphrasis. Periphrasis is roundabout wording for any reason; euphemism specifically launders the unpleasant.

Drill this device — 17 excerpts

In the Reader — 17 excerpts

that I might infuse a spark of being into the lifeless thing that lay before me.
— Mary Shelley, Frankenstein; or, The Modern Prometheus · open the passage →
…for having found the formula that applied to Miss Daisy Miller. She was a flirt—a pretty American flirt. He had never, as yet, had any relations with young ladies of this category.
— Henry James, Daisy Miller · open the passage →
Fifteen men on the dead man's chest—Yo-ho-ho, and a bottle of rum! Drink and the devil had done for the rest—Yo-ho-ho, and a bottle of rum!
— Robert Louis Stevenson, Treasure Island · open the passage →
"Justice" was done, and the President of the Immortals, in Aeschylean phrase, had ended his sport with Tess.
— Thomas Hardy, Tess of the d'Urbervilles · open the passage →
When a girl leaves her home at eighteen, she does one of two things. Either she falls into saving hands and becomes better, or she rapidly assumes the cosmopolitan standard of virtue and becomes worse.
— Theodore Dreiser, Sister Carrie · open the passage →
The daughters of Black Hawk merchants had a confident, unenquiring belief that they were "refined," and that the country girls, who "worked out," were not.
— Willa Cather, My Ántonia · open the passage →
It was the old New York way of taking life "without effusion of blood": the way of people who dreaded scandal more than disease, who placed decency above courage, and who considered that nothing was more ill-bred than "scenes."
— Edith Wharton, The Age of Innocence · open the passage →
Do not go gentle into that good night,
— Dylan Thomas, Botteghe Oscure · open the passage →
Old age should burn and rave at close of day;
— Dylan Thomas, Botteghe Oscure · open the passage →
Ralph wept for the end of innocence, the darkness of man's heart, and the fall through the air of the true, wise friend called Piggy.
— William Golding, Lord of the Flies · open the passage →
of February, 1931, I will take off from Mercy and fly away on my own wings. Please forgive
— Toni Morrison, Song of Solomon · open the passage →
Ordinary, said Aunt Lydia, is what you are used to. This may not seem ordinary to you now, but after a time it will. It will become ordinary.
— Margaret Atwood, The Handmaid's Tale · open the passage →
It seems increasingly likely that I really will undertake the expedition that has been preoccupying my imagination now for some days.
— Kazuo Ishiguro, The Remains of the Day · open the passage →
My mother's name was Mercy Stone Goodwill. She was only thirty years old when she took sick, a boiling hot day, standing there in her back kitchen, making a Malvern pudding for her husband's supper.
— Carol Shields, The Stone Diaries · open the passage →
They wept together, for the things they now knew.
— Jhumpa Lahiri, Interpreter of Maladies · open the passage →
I told you last night that I might be gone sometime, and you said, Where, and I said, To be with the Good Lord, and you said, Why, and I said, Because I'm old, and you said, I don't think you're old.
— Marilynne Robinson, Gilead · open the passage →
Even in death the boys were trouble. The secret graveyard lay on the north side of the Nickel campus, in a patchy acre of wild grass, this stubborn scrub that grew and died back in patches throughout the seasons.
— Colson Whitehead, The Nickel Boys · open the passage →

Travels with

Devices that share a passage with euphemism most often — company reveals character.

Irony 8 Anaphora 7 Parallelism 5 Asyndeton 5 Parataxis 4 Passive Voice 4 Metaphor 4 Litotes 4

The rest of the family

Irony Hyperbole Litotes Meiosis / Understatement Bathos Periphrasis Apophasis