Irony & Understatement
Hyperbole
Exaggeration past literal belief, trusting the reader to scale it back. The point is not to deceive but to show intensity: the size of the overstatement measures the size of the feeling.
"I had to wait in the station for ten days — an eternity." — Conrad
Don't confuse it with Litotes, Bathos. Its opposite pole is understatement/litotes. When exaggeration collapses into the trivial for comic effect, that's bathos.
In the Reader — 26 excerpts
Or to take arms against a sea of troubles
Blow, winds, and crack your cheeks! Rage! Blow!
When all at once I saw a crowd,
It is a truth universally acknowledged, that a single man in possession of a good
Through caverns measureless to man
Who said—"Two vast and trunkless legs of stone
…the negro Domingo, the dog Fidele, but above all of the sweet friendship of some dear little brother, who seeks red fruit for you on trees taller than steeples, or who runs barefoot over the sand, bringing you a bird's nest.
…and all gladness left him and a deep melancholy settled down upon his spirit. Thirty yards of board fence nine feet high. Life to him seemed hollow, and existence but a burden.
The trumpets sounded, and instantly the arena was cleared for the race. The people shouted in a frenzy of gladness, and the earth and the air seemed to tremble with the transport.
To Sherlock Holmes she is always the woman. I have seldom heard him mention her under any other name. In his eyes she eclipses and predominates the whole of her sex.
The truth is rarely pure and never simple. Modern life would be very tedious if it were either, and modern literature a complete impossibility!
Rugs could not be too good for him.
in his bed into a gigantic insect.
flow of human blood in human veins.
turns his eyes away in resignation, his dreams mocked to death by Time.
I thought of a labyrinth of labyrinths, of one sinuous spreading labyrinth that would encompass the past and the future and in some way involve the stars.
I saw the best minds of my generation destroyed by madness, starving hysterical naked,
The only people for me are the mad ones, the ones who are mad to live, mad to talk, mad to be saved, desirous of everything at the same time, the ones who never yawn or say a commonplace thing, but burn, burn, burn like fabulous yellow roman candles exploding like spiders across the stars.
Okonkwo was well known throughout the nine villages and even beyond. His fame
Okonkwo was well known throughout the nine villages and even beyond. His fame rested on solid personal achievements.
Okonkwo was well known throughout the nine villages and even beyond. His fame rested on solid personal achievements.
Barely daring to breathe or Achoo.
The supermarket shelves have been rearranged. It happened one day, without warning. There is agitation and panic in the aisles, dismay in the faces of older shoppers.
Before my wife turned vegetarian, I'd always thought of her as completely unremarkable in every way.
…and 2 more. Meet the rest in the quiz →
Travels with
Devices that share a passage with hyperbole most often — company reveals character.
Metaphor 12 Anaphora 10 Passive Voice 9 Litotes 9 Parallelism 8 Antithesis 7 Personification 7 Asyndeton 7
The rest of the family
Irony Litotes Meiosis / Understatement Bathos Euphemism Periphrasis Apophasis